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Wednesday, May 9, 2012

Is Facebook Censoring Your Comments?


Is Facebook Censoring Your Comments?

Comment blocked on Facebook for Spam

A strange thing happened to Robert Scoble, a fan of all-things-social, over the weekend when he tried to comment on a Facebook post. Facebook blocked his comment outright, calling it "irrelevant or inappropriate."

It's no secret that Facebook monitors comments to block spam and offensive content. Users can flag inappropriate images or comments for Facebook to remove. If a user is reported too many times, they are no longer allowed to post on the site. It also blocks friend requests from being sent if it looks like spam because the two users don't have many friends in common. There've also been reports of people being temporarily blocked from posting on the site entirely after writing too many comments within a short period of time.

However, the error message sounded as if Facebook was analyzing the contents of the message and deciding what was relevant or not, which would go beyond traditional anti-spam measures and veer into censorship territory.
"Wow, does Facebook do sentiment analysis on comments and keeps you from posting negative comments?" Scoble asked on his Facebook page.

Facebook's Error Message

Scoble's "This Comment Can't Be Posted" pop-up message stated the following: "This comment seems irrelevant or inappropriate and can't be posted. To avoid having your comments blocked, please make sure they contribute to the post in a positive way." There was an "Okay" button to close the error message.
Scoble was commenting on a Facebook post by Carnegie Mellon student Max Woolf discussing PandoDaily when he received the error message. Scoble posted the original comment on (where else?) Google+ to figure out what had triggered Facebook's blocking algorithms. It seems pretty clear from looking at the original comment that there was nothing obviously argumentative or negative about what Scoble wrote. There was also no sign of profanity.

It turned out the problem was in the wording of the error, as Facebook told Scoble the comment had triggered the site's anti-spam measures. The Facebook team is currently investigating to figure out exactly what triggered the spam flag and would also consider updating the wording to make it clearer that the comment was blocked as spam and not because of the content, Scoble said in an update.

Google+ Trigger?

Several observers wondered whether Scoble's mention of Google+ in the comment triggered the block in the first place. While Scoble dismissed the possibility, saying he had written about G+ in the past without any trouble, several remained convinced. At least four commenters claimed on Scoble's Facebook page that they regularly have problems posting G+ links or links using Google's Goo.gl URL shortening service.

Just for kicks, I tried out all three posts on my Facebook page and had no trouble.

What Does Facebook Block?

The comment thread on Scoble's Facebook page is full of people posting random items to try to trigger similar messages to figure out what Facebook considers spam. People reported what got blocked, but others had no trouble posting the same thing.

Instead of blocks, some people saw a warning. Several users reported a slightly different message, in which Facebook asked, "Are you sure you want to post this?" That version of the message read, "If your comment is irrelevant or inappropriate, you may be blocked from commenting on public posts. Please review your comment before posting." Unlike the first message, this version allowed the user to "Confirm" and post the message, or "Cancel" and edit the comment.

The key takeaway from the exercise appears to be that it's not a straightforward flag and it's not at all clear what Facebook considers spam.
Scoble's comment may have been flagged because he is subscribed to see Woolf's posts, but is not a "friend" according to the system. "The spam classification system treats comments more strictly than if we were friends," he explained. He also included three @ links, referencing Facebook accounts.
Neither one of these are particularly unusual on Facebook. Many users have subscribed to accounts to keep up-to-date with high-profile accounts they are not necessarily friends with, and including @ links in messages, especially if there is a conversation between a group of people, is fairly common.
"The PR official I talked with told me that the spam classification system has tons of algorithms that try to keep you from posting low-value comments, particularly to public accounts," Scoble said.

Scammers are taking advantage of social networking sites to post spam links to trick users into visiting random sites or selling bogus products. No system is ever perfect, and false-positives will sometimes happen. While Facebook has been working hard to fight the problem, it appears the algorithms may be a little too aggressive.

"I think Facebook's algorithm on spammers is a bit off. If you're like Robert Scoble or myself and comment on posts often we seem to be getting this a lot," Scott Ayres, CIO of FanPageEngine wrote on Facebook. "Sure it's something they will fix," he added.

For more from Fahmida, follow her on Twitter @zdFYRashid.

Congress Funds Killer Drones the Air Force Says It Can’t Handle

WIRED



Congress Funds Killer Drones the Air Force Says It Can’t Handle


An avionics specialist checks out an MQ-9 Reaper before it prepares to fly from Creech Air Force Base, 2008. Photo: U.S. Air Force

The Air Force says it needs to scale back buying its flying deadly robots while it gets enough human beings in place to operate them and interpret the surveillance data they collect. Congress decided that the flyboys might need more cash, just in case.

The Pentagon asked Congress for only around $4 million for the MQ-1 Predator drone and about $1.7 billion for the next-generation MQ-9 Reaper over the next year. The House Armed Services Committee, which on Tuesday finished its version of next year’s defense bill (.pdf), decided that wasn’t enough for either program. If the committee’s version of the bill makes it through the legislative process, the Air Force will get about $23 million more for the Predators, and an extra $180 million for the Reapers.

To be clear, that cash isn’t necessarily for extra flying robots, and there are lots of legislative hurdles to overcome before this bill becomes law. The Air Force stopped buying new Predators in 2010 and upgraded to Reapers. Chances are the new Predator cash is for replacement sensors or spare parts. And about $26 million worth of cash for the Reapers, similarly, is for spare parts. But the committee also wants to give the Air Force nearly $159 million for 12 new Reaper planes.

That’s not all. The committee also boosted funding for the Hellfire missiles the drones carry — to $61 million, some $13 million more than the Pentagon asked.

The additional drone cash comes at a strange time for the Air Force’s operation of the machines. Over the next five yearWIRED s, the “combat air patrols” that the drones fly — teams of up to four Predators or Reapers — will rise from 61 to 65, with what Defense Secretary Leon Panetta called a “surge capacity” of up to 85. But the Air Force actually asked to cut its drone cash, in order to make sure it’s got enough human beings trained to operate the drones — and, more urgently, get a better handle on the onslaught of video and other surveillance data they collect.

The word from Air Force Secretary Michael Donley is that the Air Force plans on holding the number of Predator and Reaper “combat air patrols,” or CAPs — flights of up to four drones at a time — static for about five years once they hit 65 CAPs, in order to give the humans a breather. It’s not clear whether an infusion of extra drone cash will affect that decision.

The drones aren’t the only program the House Armed Services Committee is beefing up. It’s adding $115 million for “advanced procurement” of Navy destroyers and $778 million for the Virginia-class submarine — consistent with the Republican-controlled House’s complaint that the Navy isn’t building enough ships for its ambitious strategy in the Pacific. GOP presidential candidate Mitt Romney wants to go even further, vastly expand shipbuilding by as much as $7 billion per year. If Romney has a notion to supersize America’s unmanned air force, so far he’s kept those plans to himself.

Navy Wants Ultra-Violet Cloaking Device for Jet Fighters


WIRED

Danger Room 

What's Next in National Security

Navy Wants Ultra-Violet Cloaking Device for Jet Fighters

Navy fighters release IR flares. Photo: Navy
Navy fighters release IR flares. Photo: Navy

The U.S. military is already investing tens of billions of dollars to make its jet fighters less visible to radars and infrared sensors. Now the Pentagon wants the defense industry to come up with a system that can cloak fighters from another telltale type of radiation: ultra-violet energy from the sun.

The Navy’s latest solicitation to research proposals asks for a “UV obscurant device” that can be “dispersed from an aircraft.” The system should be compatible with the Navy’s existing counter-measures dispensers, which are currently tailored for releasing infrared flares and radar-foiling chaff to help warplanes dodge enemy missiles.

A UV cloak would complement the Navy’s other stealth initiatives. The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, the product of history’s most expensive weapons program, is designed to scatter and absorb radar waves while also sinking its engine heat into its fuel load in order to make the plane less visible to infrared sensors. The Navy plans to purchase hundreds of carrier-compatible F-35s at more than $100 million a pop.

But the F-35′s design apparently does not protect against ultra-violet sensors — that we know of. The Navy’s older Hornet fighters are probably equally vulnerable. The UV cloak seems to be a response to a particular type of “dual-band” missile seeker that zeroes in on infrared radiation at first, then switches to a UV sensor in the final moments before striking the target. The UV sensor works by looking for non-reflective shadows against the bright UV glare of the sky — like silhouettes against a lightboard.

An obscurant could blot out a plane’s UV silhouette in a shapelesss mass of ultra-violet shadow. “One concept might include a device that very rapidly generates an extended, dense cloud of material that absorbs in the UV region,” the Navy solicitation reads. The solicitation also lists “quantum dots” (tiny radiation-emitting crystals) and man-made “metamaterials” as obscurant options.

The obscurant would probably work on helicopters, too.

The solicitation does not specify a delivery timeframe or a cost cap. But if other forms of sensor-evasion are any indication, UV stealth won’t be quick, easy or cheap to develop.

Oops! Air Force Drones Can Now (Accidentally) Spy on You


WIRED


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Oops! Air Force Drones Can Now (Accidentally) Spy on You

Photo: U.S. Air Force

As long as the Air Force pinky-swears it didn’t mean to, its drone fleet can keep tabs on the movements of Americans, far from the battlefields of Afghanistan, Pakistan or Yemen. And it can hold data on them for 90 days — studying it to see if the people it accidentally spied upon are actually legitimate targets of domestic surveillance.

The Air Force, like the rest of the military and the CIA, isn’t supposed to conduct “nonconsensual surveillance” on Americans domestically, according to an Apr. 23 instruction from the flying service. But should the drones taking off over American soil accidentally keep their cameras rolling and their sensors engaged, well … that’s a different story.

Collected imagery may incidentally include US persons or private property without consent,” reads the instruction (.pdf), unearthed by the secrecy scholar Steven Aftergood of the Federation of American Scientists. That kind of “incidental” spying won’t be immediately purged, however. The Air Force has “a period not to exceed 90 days” to get rid of it — while it determines “whether that information may be collected under the provisions” of a Pentagon directive that authorizes limited domestic spying.

In other words, if an Air Force drone accidentally spies on an American citizen, the Air Force will have three months to figure out if it was legally allowed to put that person under surveillance in the first place.


Not all domestic drone surveillance is that ominous. “Air Force components may, at times, require newly collected or archived domestic imagery to perform certain missions,” the Air Force concluded. Acceptable surveillance includes flying drones over natural disasters; studying environmental changes; or keeping tabs above a domestic military base. Even those missions, however, raise “policy and legal concerns that require careful consideration, analysis and coordination with legal counsel.”

The potential trouble with those local intelligence missions is once the drones’ powerful sensors and cameras sweep up imagery and other data from Americans nearby, the Air Force won’t simply erase the tapes. It’ll start analyzing whether the people it’s recorded are, among other things, “persons or organizations reasonably believed to be engaged or about to engage, in international terrorist or international narcotics activities.” Suddenly, accidental spying provides an entrance point into deliberate investigations, all done without a warrant.

And it doesn’t stop with the Air Force. “U.S. person information in the possession of an Air Force intelligence component may be disseminated pursuant to law, a court order,” or the Pentagon directive that governs acceptable domestic surveillance. So what begins as a drone flight over, say, a national park to spot forest fires could end up with a dossier on campers getting passed on to law enforcement.

All this is sure to spark a greater debate about the use of drones and other military surveillance migrating from the warzones of Iraq and Afghanistan back home. The Department of Homeland Security — which is lukewarm on its fleet of spy drones — is expanding its use of powerful, military-grade camera systems. And police departments across the country are beginning to buy and fly drones from the military. Now the Air Force’s powerful spy tools could creep into your backyard in a different way.

There’s an irony here. The directive is actually designed to make sure that Air Force personnel involved in surveillance don’t start spying on their fellow citizens. It instructs that “Questionable Intelligence Activities … that may violate the law, any executive order or Presidential directive” have to be reported immediately up the chain of command. But what’s most questionable might be the kind of local spying the Air Force considers legit.

Principal Accused of Spying on Students, Parents With Fake Facebook Account

WIRED


Principal Accused of Spying on Students, Parents With Fake Facebook Account



A high school principal in Missouri has resigned after she was accused of impersonating a student on Facebook in order to spy on students and their parents, according to a news report.

Louise Losos, the principal of Clayton High School in St. Louis, is suspected of having created a fake Facebook account under the alias Suzy Harriston and “friending” hundreds of students, presumably in order to monitor their communications through their Facebook postings.

The account, whose profile picture depicted a group of penguins, was set up last year. More than 300 students accepted the “friend” request from “Harriston,” many of them Clayton High School students, before a student who received one of the requests posted a note warning others to stay away from the account because he believed the principal was behind it, according to the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

On Apr. 5, former Clayton High student and quarterback named Chase Haslett wrote on a Facebook group page, “Whoever is friends with Suzy Harriston on Facebook needs to drop them. It is the Clayton Principal.”
Shortly after he published his note, the “Harriston” account disappeared. The following day, the high school announced that Losos was taking a leave of absence. She handed in her resignation last Friday.

The school has not confirmed that Losos was behind the account or that this was the specific reason for her resignation. In a statement, school officials acknowledged only that Losos had resigned over a “fundamental dispute over the appropriate use of social media.”

The St. Louis Post-Dispatch conducted a search of public records to determine if Suzy Harriston was a real person, but came up with nothing. Clayton School District also acknowledged that no student by the name of Suzy Harriston had been enrolled at the high school in the last two years.


The outing of Losos might have been retaliation for the recent firing of a football coach.

Haslett posted his accusation on the page of a Facebook account that had been set up in support of the coach, according to the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. The account, called “Bring Back Coach Horrell,” was frequented by students, parents and others who felt that former football coach Sam Horrell had been unfairly fired last year.

Horrell lost his coaching position over a violation of the Missouri State High School Activities Association bylaws, which regulate what kind of contact high school coaches can have with middle school athletes. The school district found that Horrell had “engaged in strength and conditioning workouts with … students who attend Wydown Middle School,” in violation of the bylaws.
Students held a demonstration on the front lawn of the school last year in support of the coach, and some denounced Losos for Horrell’s punishment. Horrell was allowed to remain at the high school as a physical education teacher this year, but the school board voted on Apr. 4 to not renew his teaching contract.

A day after the school board announced its decision, Haslett posted his accusation about Losos and the “Suzy Harriston” Facebook account. He posted his warning after the “Harriston” account sent out a number of friend requests to people who were expressing support for Horrell online. Someone asked Haslett online how he knew Losos was behind the “Harriston” account and Haslett, who is the son of former St. Louis Rams interim head coach Jim Haslett, replied, “Can’t say who told me.”

Andy Brown, the parent of a Clayton High School student, was among those who received a sudden Facebook friend request from “Harriston.” He had been a public supporter of Horrell and a critic of Losos, the newspaper said. Two of his children had already been “friended” by Harrison last year. Brown told the local paper that if Losos or other administrators were indeed using Facebook to monitor students online without being truthful about their identity, it was a breach of trust.

Losos has been principal of the school since 2005. During her tenure, the high school was ranked among the best high schools in the United States by Newsweek.

“Our high ranking is a tribute to the hard work of our students and the dedication of our entire staff,” Losos said in a press release about the school’s ranking. “I am proud of our Greyhound community for this significant achievement. We will continue our work of holding high expectations and striving to provide the best possible education to our students.”

Schools around the country have been developing policies that forbid teachers from “friending” students on social media through personal accounts, in order to avoid the appearance of impropriety. Recently, a New York City teacher wrote “this is sexy” beneath the Facebook photo of a female student. Another teacher reportedly sent a message to a student saying that her boyfriend did not “deserve a beautiful girl like you.”

Pentagon And CIA Involved In Domestic Spying

WIRED

THREAT LEVEL

Pentagon And CIA Involved In Domestic Spying


chain lettersJust a day before the nation celebrated the life of the once-federally-spied-upon Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the New York Times reported that both the Pentagon and the CIA have been issuing subpoenas to domestic financial institutions to investigate possible terrorism. Although the military and the CIA are largely barred from spying on Americans, the Pentagon has stepped up its surveillance of American citizens after September 11 as part of what it calls “force protection” — that is, the protection of military installations on American soil.

Now, Eric Lichtblau and Mark Mazzetti reveal that both agencies have been using “National Security Letters” — which are self-issued subpoenas for documents. These subpoenas are widely used by the FBI since they do not require a judge’s approval. In 2005, the first year the Justice Department was required to report how often they used this power, the DOJ said it issued 9,254
such letters to get information on 3,501 U.S. citizens and green card holders.

Unlike the FBI’s version, the military and CIAs’ are voluntary. Pentagon spokesman Maj. Patrick Ryder said the letters “provide tremendous leads to follow and often with which to corroborate other evidence in the context of counterespionage and counterterrorism,” according to the New York Times. Vice President Dick Cheney defended the use of the power in an interview Sunday, saying the letters don’t violate civil rights since banks could contest them in court.

The Pentagon said it intended to keep the records it gained from the letters and feed the information into a database run by the Counterintelligence Field Office. That office houses a database called TALON that included records on peaceful anti-war protesters. The Pentagon also, in the name of base protection, funded a data-mining study examined ways to study travel database records and commercial data to identify potential travelers. That study used commercial data provided by Acxiom paired with the entirety of JetBlue’s travel database, which the company secretly handed over in September 2002 to the government in violation of its privacy promises.

While the Pentagon has reportedly issued only a relatively small number of such letters — approximately 500 or so –, civil libertarians say the military has no place investigating American citizens on American soil. House Intelligence chair Silvestre Reyes said he plans to hold hearings, and I expect the topic to get attention even in Thursday’s Senate Judiciary committee’s planned grilling of Attorney General Alberto Gonzales.

Photo: Alpha

Report: FBI Wants to Wiretap Facebook, Twitter, Google






Report: FBI Wants to Wiretap Facebook, Twitter, Google 

May 05, 2012 7:11 PM EST